PiHKAL -PiHKAL

PIHKAL: En kemisk kærlighedshistorie
Pihkal.jpg
Forside af PIHKAL , 1. udg.
Forfatter Alexander og Ann Shulgin
Land Forenede Stater
Emne Farmakologi , selvbiografi , psykoaktive lægemidler
Forlægger Transform Press
Udgivelsesdato
 1991
Medietype Paperback
ISBN 0-9630096-0-5
OCLC 269100404
Efterfulgt af TiHKAL 

PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story er en bog af Dr. Alexander Shulgin og Ann Shulgin , udgivet i 1991. Emnet for værket er psykoaktive phenethylamin- kemiske derivater , især dem, der fungerer som psykedelika og/eller empatogen-entaktogener . Hovedtitlen, PiHKAL, er et akronym, der står for "Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved".

Bogen er opdelt i to dele, den første del er en fiktionaliseret selvbiografi af parret og den anden del beskriver 179 forskellige psykedeliske forbindelser (hvoraf de fleste Shulgin opdagede sig selv), herunder detaljerede synteseinstruktioner, bioassays , doseringer og andre kommentarer.

Den anden del blev gjort frit tilgængelig af Shulgin på Erowid, mens den første del kun er tilgængelig i den trykte tekst. Selvom de beskrevne reaktioner er uden for evnen hos mennesker med en grundlæggende kemiuddannelse, har nogle en tendens til at understrege teknikker, der ikke kræver svært tilgængelige kemikalier. Bemærkelsesværdig blandt disse er brugen af kviksølv-aluminiumamalgam (et usædvanligt, men let at få reagens ) som reduktionsmiddel og detaljerede forslag til lovlige plantekilder til vigtige lægemiddelforstadier, såsom safrol .

Virkning og popularitet

Gennem PIHKAL (og senere TIHKAL ) søgte Shulgin at sikre, at hans opdagelser ville undslippe grænserne for professionelle forskningslaboratorier og finde vej til offentligheden, et mål i overensstemmelse med hans erklærede overbevisning om, at psykedeliske lægemidler kan være værdifulde værktøjer til selvudforskning. Den MDMA ( "ecstasy") syntese offentliggjort i PIHKAL fortsat en af de mest almindelige hemmelige fremgangsmåder til dets fremstilling til denne dag. Mange lande har forbudt de vigtigste stoffer, for hvilke denne bog giver anvisninger til syntese, såsom 2C-B , 2C-T-2 og 2C-T-7 . I Det Forenede Kongerige er alle undtagen phenethylamin ulovlige.

I 1994, to år efter at PIHKAL blev offentliggjort, ransagede Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Shulgins laboratorium og anmodede ham om at aflevere sin DEA -licens. Richard Meyer, talsmand for DEA's San Francisco Field Division, har udtalt med henvisning til PIHKAL "Det er vores opfattelse, at disse bøger stort set er kogebøger om, hvordan man laver ulovlige stoffer. Agenter fortæller mig, at de i hemmelige laboratorier, som de har angrebet, har fundet kopier af disse bøger, "hvilket tyder på, at offentliggørelsen af PIHKAL og opsigelsen af ​​Shulgins licens kan have været relateret.

Bemærkelsesværdige forbindelser

Essentielle amfetaminer

"Essentielle amfetaminer" er, hvad Shulgin beskriver som ti amfetaminer, der adskiller sig fra naturlige produkter såsom safrol eller myristicin fra en amingruppe ( PIHKAL Entry #157 TMA ). Listen består af:

  • PMA ( para - m ethoxy- a mphetamin)
  • 2,4-DMA (2,4- d i m ethoxy- a mphetamin)
  • 3,4-DMA (3,4- d i m ethoxy- a mphetamin)
  • MDA (3,4 m ethylen d ioxy- a mphetamin)
  • MMDA (3- m ethoxy-4,5- m ethylen d ioxy- a mphetamin)
  • MMDA-3a (2- m ethoxy-3,4- m ethylen d ioxy a mphetamin)
  • NMDA-2 (2- m ethoxy-4,5- m ethylen d ioxy en mphetamine)
  • TMA (3,4,5- t ri m ethoxy a mphetamin)
  • TMA-2 (2,4,5- t ri m ethoxy a mphetamin)
  • DMMDA (2,5- d i m ethoxy-3,4- m ethylen d ioxy a mphetamin)
  • DMMDA-2 (2,3- d i m ethoxy-4,5- m ethylen d ioxy a mphetamin)
  • TEMA (2,3,4,5 te tra m ethoxy en mphetamine)

Ikke alle disse kemikalier bioanalyseres i PIHKAL ; nogle er blot nævnt.

Magisk halv dusin

Den såkaldte "magiske halv snes" refererer til Shulgins selvvurderede vigtigste phenethylaminforbindelser, som alle undtagen mescalin udviklede og syntetiserede han selv. De findes i PIHKALs første bog og er som følger:

  • Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamin)
  • DOM (2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamfetamin), DOM er forkortelse for d es o xy m ethyl, med henvisning til fjernelse af oxygenatomet fra Methoxygruppen på "4" carbon.
  • 2C-B (2,5-dimethoxy-4- b romophenethylamin)
  • 2C-E (2,5-dimethoxy-4- e thylphenethylamin)
  • 2C-T-2 (2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethyl -t hiophenethylamine)
  • 2C-T-7 (2,5-dimethoxy-4-propyl t hiophenethylamin)

Alle seks er nu Schedule I -kontrollerede stoffer i USA.

Phenethylaminer opført

Stof Kemisk navn
1 AEM alfa-ethyl-3,4,5-trimethoxy-PEA
2 AL 4-Allyloxy-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
3 ALEPH 4-Methylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-A
4 ALEPH-2 4-Ethylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-A
5 ALEPH-4 4-isopropylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-A
6 ALEPH-6 4-Phenylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-A
7 ALEPH-7 4-Propylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-A
8 ARIADNE (Dimoxamine) 2,5-Dimethoxy-alfa-ethyl-4-methyl-PEA
9 ASB 3,4-Diethoxy-5-methoxy-PEA
10 B 4-Butoxy-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
11 BEATRICE 2,5-Dimethoxy-4, N-dimethyl-A
12 Bis-TOM 2,5-Bismethylthio-4-methyl-A
13 BIR 4-Bromo-2,5, beta-trimethoxy-PEA
14 BOD 2,5, beta-trimethoxy-4-methyl-PEA
15 BOH beta-Methoxy-3,4-methylendioxy-PEA
16 BOHD 2,5-Dimethoxy-beta-hydroxy-4-methyl-PEA
17 BOM 3,4,5, beta-tetramethoxy-PEA
18 4-Br-3,5-DMA 4-brom-3,5-dimethoxy-A
19 2-Br-4,5-MDA 2-Brom-4,5-methylendioxy-A
20 2C-B 4-brom-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
21 3C-BZ 4-Benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxy-A
22 2C-C 4-Chlor-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
23 2C-D 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
24 2C-E 4-Ethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
25 3C-E 4-Ethoxy-3,5-dimethoxy-A
26 2C-F 4-Fluoro-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
27 2C-G 3,4-Dimethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
28 2C-G-3 3,4-trimethylen-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
29 2C-G-4 3,4-tetramethylen-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
30 2C-G-5 3,4-Norbornyl-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
31 2C-GN 1,4-Dimethoxynaphthyl-2-ethylamine
32 2C-H 2,5-Dimethoxy-PEA
33 2C-I 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
34 2C-N 4-Nitro-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
35 2C-O-4 4-Isopropoxy-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
36 2C-P 4-Propyl-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
37 CPM 4-Cyclopropylmethoxy-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
38 2C-Se 4-Methylseleno-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
39 2C-T 4-Methylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
40 2C-T-2 4-Ethylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
41 2C-T-4 4-isopropylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
42 psi-2C-T-4 4-isopropylthio-2,6-dimethoxy-PEA
43 2C-T-7 4-Propylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
44 2C-T-8 4-Cyclopropylmethylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
45 2C-T-9 4- (t) -Butylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
46 2C-T-13 4- (2-Methoxyethylthio) -2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
47 2C-T-15 4-Cyclopropylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
48 2C-T-17 4- (s) -Butylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
49 2C-T-21 4- (2-Fluoroethylthio) -2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
50 4-D 4-Trideuteromethyl-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
51 beta-D beta, beta-Dideutero-3,4,5-trimethoxy-PEA
52 DESOXY 4-Methyl-3,5-Dimethoxy-PEA
53 2,4-DMA 2,4-Dimethoxy-A
54 2,5-DMA 2,5-Dimethoxy-A
55 3,4-DMA 3,4-Dimethoxy-A
56 DMCPA 2- (2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl) -cyclopropylamin
57 DME 3,4-Dimethoxy-beta-hydroxy-PEA
58 DMMDA 2,5-Dimethoxy-3,4-methylendioxy-A
59 DMMDA-2 2,3-Dimethoxy-4,5-methylendioxy-A
60 DMPEA 3,4-Dimethoxy-PEA
61 DOAM 4-Amyl-2,5-dimethoxy-A
62 DOB 4-brom-2,5-dimethoxy-A
63 DOBU 4-Butyl-2,5-dimethoxy-A
64 DOC 4-Chlor-2,5-dimethoxy-A
65 DOEF 4- (2-Fluoroethyl) -2,5-dimethoxy-A
66 DOET 4-Ethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-A
67 DOI 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-A
68 DOM (STP) 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-A
69 Psi-DOM 4-methyl-2,6-dimethoxy-A
70 IKKE 4-Nitro-2,5-dimethoxy-A
71 DOPR 4-Propyl-2,5-dimethoxy-A
72 E 4-Ethoxy-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
73 EEE 2,4,5-Triethoxy-A
74 EEM 2,4-Diethoxy-5-methoxy-A
75 EME 2,5-Diethoxy-4-methoxy-A
76 EMM 2-Ethoxy-4,5-dimethoxy-A
77 ETHYL-J N, alfa-diethyl-3,4-methylendioxy-PEA
78 ETHYL-K N-Ethyl-alfa-propyl-3,4-methylendioxy-PEA
79 F-2 Benzofuran-2-methyl-5-methoxy-6- (2-aminopropan)
80 F-22 Benzofuran-2,2-dimethyl-5-methoxy-6- (2-aminopropan)
81 LOPPE N-Hydroxy-N-methyl-3,4-methylendioxy-A
82 G-3 3,4-trimethylen-2,5-dimethoxy-A
83 G-4 3,4-tetramethylen-2,5-dimethoxy-A
84 G-5 3,4-Norbornyl-2,5-dimethoxy-A
85 GANESHA 3,4-Dimethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-A
86 GN 1,4-Dimethoxynaphthyl-2-isopropylamin
87 HOT-2 2,5-Dimethoxy-N-hydroxy-4-ethylthio-PEA
88 HOT-7 2,5-Dimethoxy-N-hydroxy-4- (n) -propylthio-PEA
89 HOT-17 2,5-Dimethoxy-N-hydroxy-4- (s) -butylthio-PEA
90 IDNNA 2,5-Dimethoxy-N, N-dimethyl-4-iod-A
91 JEG ER 2,3,4-Trimethoxy-PEA
92 IP 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-isopropoxy-PEA
93 IRIS 5-Ethoxy-2-methoxy-4-methyl-A
94 J alfa-ethyl-3,4-methylendioxy-PEA
95 LOPHOPHINE 3-Methoxy-4,5-methylendioxy-PEA
96 M 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-PEA
97 4-MA (PMA) 4-Methoxy-A
98 MADAM-6 2, N-Dimethyl-4,5-methylendioxy-A
99 MAL 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methallyloxy-PEA
100 MDA 3,4-methylendioxy-A
101 MDAL N-Allyl-3,4-methylendioxy-A
102 MDBU N-Butyl-3,4-methylendioxy-A
103 MDBZ N-Benzyl-3,4-methylendioxy-A
104 MDCPM N-Cyclopropylmethyl-3,4-methylendioxy-A
105 MDDM N, N-Dimethyl-3,4-methylendioxy-A
106 MDE N-Ethyl-3,4-methylendioxy-A
107 MDHOET N- (2-Hydroxyethyl) -3,4-methylendioxy-A
108 MDIP N-Isopropyl-3,4-methylendioxy-A
109 MDMA N-methyl-3,4-methylendioxy-A
110 MDMC (methylon) N-methyl-3,4-ethylendioxy-A
111 MDMEO N-Methoxy-3,4-methylendioxy-A
112 MDMEOET N- (2-Methoxyethyl) -3,4-methylendioxy-A
113 MDMP alfa, alfa, N-Trimethyl-3,4-methylendioxy-PEA
114 MDOH N-Hydroxy-3,4-methylendioxy-A
115 MDPEA 3,4-methylendioxy-PEA
116 MDPH alfa, alfa-Dimethyl-3,4-methylendioxy-PEA
117 MDPL N-Propargyl-3,4-methylendioxy-A
118 MDPR N-Propyl-3,4-methylendioxy-A
119 MIG 3,4-Dimethoxy-5-ethoxy-PEA
120 MEDA 3-methoxy-4,5-Ethylenedioxy-A [Erowid korrigeret]
121 MEE 2-Methoxy-4,5-diethoxy-A
122 MEM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethoxy-A
123 MEPEA 3-Methoxy-4-ethoxy-PEA
124 Meta-DOB 5-brom-2,4-dimethoxy-A
125 Meta-DOT 5-Methylthio-2,4-dimethoxy-A
126 Methyl-DMA N-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-A
127 Methyl-DOB 4-brom-2,5-dimethoxy-N-methyl-A
128 Methyl-J N-methyl-alfa-ethyl-3,4-methylendioxy-PEA
129 Methyl-K N-methyl-alfa-propyl-3,4-methylendioxy-PEA
130 Methyl-MA N-methyl-4-methoxy-A
131 Methyl-MMDA-2 N-methyl-2-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxy-A
132 MMDA 3-Methoxy-4,5-methylendioxy-A
133 MMDA-2 2-Methoxy-4,5-methylendioxy-A
134 MMDA-3a 2-Methoxy-3,4-methylendioxy-A
135 MMDA-3b 4-Methoxy-2,3-methylendioxy-A
136 MME 2,4-Dimethoxy-5-ethoxy-A
137 MP 3,4-Dimethoxy-5-propoxy-PEA
138 MPM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-propoxy-A
139 Ortho-DOT 2-Methylthio-4,5-dimethoxy-A
140 P 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-propoxy-PEA
141 PE 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-phenethyloxy-PEA
142 ÆRT ÆRT
143 PROPYNYL 4-Propynyloxy-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
144 SB 3,5-Diethoxy-4-methoxy-PEA
145 TA 2,3,4,5-Tetramethoxy-A
146 3-TASB 4-Ethoxy-3-ethylthio-5-methoxy-PEA
147 4-TASB 3-Ethoxy-4-ethylthio-5-methoxy-PEA
148 5-TASB 3,4-Diethoxy-5-methylthio-PEA
149 TB 4-Thiobutoxy-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
150 3-TE 4-Ethoxy-5-methoxy-3-methylthio-PEA
151 4-TE 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthio-PEA
152 2-TIM 2-Methylthio-3,4-dimethoxy-PEA
153 3-TIM 3-Methylthio-2,4-dimethoxy-PEA
154 4-TIM 4-Methylthio-2,3-dimethoxy-PEA
155 3-TM 3-Methylthio-4,5-dimethoxy-PEA
156 4-TM 4-Methylthio-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
157 TMA 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-A
158 TMA-2 2,4,5-trimethoxy-A
159 TMA-3 2,3,4-Trimethoxy-A
160 TMA-4 2,3,5-Trimethoxy-A
161 TMA-5 2,3,6-Trimethoxy-A
162 TMA-6 2,4,6-Trimethoxy-A
163 3-TME 4,5-Dimethoxy-3-ethylthio-PEA
164 4-TME 3-Ethoxy-5-methoxy-4-methylthio-PEA
165 5-TME 3-Ethoxy-4-methoxy-5-methylthio-PEA
166 2T-MMDA-3a 2-Methylthio-3,4-methylendioxy-A
167 4T-MMDA-2 4,5-thiomethylenoxy-2-methoxy-A
168 TMPEA 2,4,5-Trimethoxy-PEA
169 2-TOET 4-Ethyl-5-methoxy-2-methylthio-A
170 5-TOET 4-Ethyl-2-methoxy-5-methylthio-A
171 2-TOM 5-Methoxy-4-methyl-2-methylthio-A
172 5-TOM 2-Methoxy-4-methyl-5-methylthio-A
173 TOMSO 2-Methoxy-4-methyl-5-methylsulfinyl-A
174 TP 4-Propylthio-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
175 TRIS 3,4,5-Triethoxy-PEA
176 3-TSB 3-Ethoxy-5-ethylthio-4-methoxy-PEA
177 4-TSB 3,5-Diethoxy-4-methylthio-PEA
178 3-T-TRIS 4,5-Diethoxy-3-ethylthio-PEA
179 4-T-TRIS 3,5-Diethoxy-4-ethylthio-PEA

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Referencer

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